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2012年6月7日星期四
2012年6月4日星期一
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camiseta ronaldo,
According to an article in the British Guardian" on January 17, the Chinese economical achievement challenges the American and British market mutual recognition which has already goes bankrupt. In view of the relative performances of ?three big economies, ?Europe, America and China in recent years, it is not difficult to understand why the western politicians did think that China's support was camisetas de futbol personalizadas indispensable.
It is well known that China has become an economic giant in the world. Gliding down for a long time has caused these established branded economical powerful nations such as European countries, America and Japan to perform differently from China. From 2007 to 2011, the growth of the US national income was lower than 0.6%, the European growth has shrunk by 0.3%, Japanese growth dropped by 5.2%, but the Chinese economy has increased by more than 42%.
Facing the shocking disparity, the western countries which have been straitened circumstances are reluctant to ponder over the true reasons. At the same time, they also forecast that China is also following the same direction to develop― repeating ?the sequence of errors that camiseta ronaldo they have made ten years ago. Perhaps these pessimism finally are right, but there are also powerful evidences proving a clearly opposite result. For example, in 2011 China's ?increasing rate was 9.2%, while that in England was approximately 1%.China's bloating is cooling, but its real estate froth is also different from the America and Britain in that what has boosted its inflation is the deposit but not the camiseta messi loan. What is essential is that, different from economy in Britain, America and the European Union countries, China's budget deficit was only 2%.This is the core reason why it can smoothly get rid of the influences of the global crisis.
According to an article in the British Guardian" on January 17, the Chinese economical achievement challenges the American and British market mutual recognition which has already goes bankrupt. In view of the relative performances of ?three big economies, ?Europe, America and China in recent years, it is not difficult to understand why the western politicians did think that China's support was camisetas de futbol personalizadas indispensable.
It is well known that China has become an economic giant in the world. Gliding down for a long time has caused these established branded economical powerful nations such as European countries, America and Japan to perform differently from China. From 2007 to 2011, the growth of the US national income was lower than 0.6%, the European growth has shrunk by 0.3%, Japanese growth dropped by 5.2%, but the Chinese economy has increased by more than 42%.
Facing the shocking disparity, the western countries which have been straitened circumstances are reluctant to ponder over the true reasons. At the same time, they also forecast that China is also following the same direction to develop― repeating ?the sequence of errors that camiseta ronaldo they have made ten years ago. Perhaps these pessimism finally are right, but there are also powerful evidences proving a clearly opposite result. For example, in 2011 China's ?increasing rate was 9.2%, while that in England was approximately 1%.China's bloating is cooling, but its real estate froth is also different from the America and Britain in that what has boosted its inflation is the deposit but not the camiseta messi loan. What is essential is that, different from economy in Britain, America and the European Union countries, China's budget deficit was only 2%.This is the core reason why it can smoothly get rid of the influences of the global crisis.
camiseta selección española eurocopa 2012
camiseta selección española eurocopa 2012,
INTRODUCTION
Many of the writers are of the opinion that the prevailing depression 2008 is the recessive phase of a trade cycle. I don't know whether it is so or the depression 2008 is a different phenomenon. All the same, I would like to recall the period when the world economies were in search of ways and means to control the then prevailing inflationary pressure. If that problematic inflation was a consequence of some trade cycle running that time, the present depressive trend may well be a consequence of the successive downward phase (after boom) of the same trade cycle. Then, it needs not be taken as a new thing.
An economy is likely to encounter many disturbances whereby all methods of maintaining employment and national income as steadily rising involve certain difficulties and weaknesses depending upon the nature and size of the disturbances. The periodical rise and fall in the level of economic activities, employment and national income is the most frequent type of the disturbances and is known as trade cycle. This type of cyclical fluctuations has been experienced by all industrial countries since the nineteenth century. While governments may have the greatest difficulty in overcoming the effects of major structural changes in the economy, they should be able at least camiseta del barcelona to mitigate cyclical fluctuations by means of suitable monetary and fiscal measures.
SAMUELSON'S THEORY OF TRADE CYCLE
Among various theories of trade cycle propounded by different economists the theories base on the principle of accelerator allied with the multiplier principle have paved the way for more accurate analysis of trade cycle. Economists like R. F. Harrod, A. H. Hansen, J. R. Hicks and P. A. Samuelson have made fairly successful attempts to establish that the interaction of the accelerator with the multiplier is capable, under certain circumstances, of generating continuous cyclical fluctuations.
Paul A. Samuelson studied the multiplier-accelerator interaction in greater detail and derived a model in which a series of equations expresses the way in which the two forces interact to affect income, consumption and investment over a time. According to him, the multiplier and the accelerator combine in a series of endless possibilities depending upon the values of the multiplier and the accelerator. In other words, the initial increase in autonomous investment (Ia) works through the multiplier (K) to cause an increase in income (Y), say dY = K x Ia {where, K=1/(1 - c) and c represents the marginal propensity to consume (MPC)], and this increase in income (dY) brings an increase in consumption (C), say dC = c x dY (where c which works through the accelerator (w) to cause a change in induced investment (In), say dIn = w x dC, which, in turn, further increases income by K x dIn and so the action and the reaction continue. The process is super cumulative because one initial increase (or decrease) will set off a snow-ball effect where income and investment interact to magnify the impact at each successive level. Samuelson used lagged functions for investment and consumption and derived income function which gave various patterns of change in income level, for different combinations of the values of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and the accelerator, for a given change in autonomous investment (government spending).
EXTENUATION OF CYCLICAL FLUCTUATIONS
The present study aims at finding out the condition related to the change in autonomous investment that extenuates the cyclical fluctuations by making plain the ebbs and flows of a trade cycle, explained by Samuelson's model. The change in autonomous investment in accordance to the so derived condition will provide the steady rate of income growth.
The income function derived by Samuelson reads as ?
Yt = Gt + cYt-1 + w (Ct ? Ct-1)
Where, Yt = Aggregate income or output during a period t.
Gt = Autonomous investment incurred by government during the period t, c = Marginal propensity to consume (MPC), w = Capital output ratio or the accelerator and Ct = Aggregate consumption during the period t.
Yt-1 and Ct-1 denote the income and the consumption, respectively, in previous period.
Therefore, Yt+1 = Gt+1 + cYt + w(Ct+1 ? Ct)
But, Ct = cYt-1 and Ct+1 = cYt
Therefore, Yt+1 = Gt+1 + cYt + cwYt ? cwYt-1
Or, Yt+1 ? Yt = Gt+1 + cYt + cwYt ? cwYt-1 ? Yt
Or, Yt+1 ? Yt = Gt+1 + cw(Yt ? Yt-1) ? (1? c)Yt
Or, dYt+1= Gt+1 + cw dYt ? (1? c)Yt
[Where, dYt+1 = Yt ? Yt-1 and dYt = Yt ? Yt-1]
Or, dYt+1 ? dYt = Gt+1 + (cw ? 1) dYt ? (1? c)Yt
dYt+1 and dYt represent the rise in income in (t + 1)th and (t)th period, respectively. If the cyclical fluctuations in the level of income are extenuated, there will be established a steady rate of income growth.
Thus, dYt+1 = dYt
Or, dYt+1 ? dYt = 0
Therefore, Gt+1 + (cw ? 1) dYt ? (1? c)Yt = 0
camiseta selección española eurocopa 2012 />
Or, Gt+1 = (1? c)Yt ? (cw ? 1) dYt
Or, Gt+1 = (1? c)Yt ? (cw ? 1)(Yt ? camisetas futbol 2011 Yt-1)
Or, Gt+1 = (2 ? cw ? c)Yt ? (1 ? cw)Yt-1
Or, Gt+1 = AYt ? BYt-1 ---------------(1)
Where, A = 2 ? cw ? c
And, B = 1 ? cw
Relation (1) represents the condition in which the cyclical fluctuations in the level of income, as explained by Samuelson's model, are extenuated.
The values of c (= 0.6) and w (= 1.5), which are related to the numerical example used by Samuelson to show how the cyclical fluctuations in the level of income are generated, give the values of A and B equal to 0.5 and 0.1, respectively.
Therefore, Gt+1 = 0.5Yt ? 0.1Yt-1 -------------(2)
If the initial rate of annual autonomous investment (G) is Rs 40 which is changed to Rs 50 in (t)th period and if the rate of autonomous investment (G) is planned as per the relation (2) for (t + 1)th and onward periods, the level of income will experience a steady growth as shown in the table given in the end hereof.
CONCLUSION
It is widely accepted that the interaction between multiplier and accelerator causes the generation of trade cycles and that the Samuelson's model is the true explanation of the network. If it is so, the extenuation of cyclical fluctuations on account of trade cycles becomes possible, fully and easily, by regulating the autonomous investment according to the relation (1) explained hereinabove. In this way the myth of bringing out the economy from the depths of depression becomes converted into reality. This will enable the national income to grow without fluctuations on account of a trade cycle caused by the multiplier-accelerator interaction. Therefore, it may well be concluded that if the depression 2008 is the recessive phase of a trade cycle, it can easily be treated in the way suggested above.
INTRODUCTION
Many of the writers are of the opinion that the prevailing depression 2008 is the recessive phase of a trade cycle. I don't know whether it is so or the depression 2008 is a different phenomenon. All the same, I would like to recall the period when the world economies were in search of ways and means to control the then prevailing inflationary pressure. If that problematic inflation was a consequence of some trade cycle running that time, the present depressive trend may well be a consequence of the successive downward phase (after boom) of the same trade cycle. Then, it needs not be taken as a new thing.
An economy is likely to encounter many disturbances whereby all methods of maintaining employment and national income as steadily rising involve certain difficulties and weaknesses depending upon the nature and size of the disturbances. The periodical rise and fall in the level of economic activities, employment and national income is the most frequent type of the disturbances and is known as trade cycle. This type of cyclical fluctuations has been experienced by all industrial countries since the nineteenth century. While governments may have the greatest difficulty in overcoming the effects of major structural changes in the economy, they should be able at least camiseta del barcelona to mitigate cyclical fluctuations by means of suitable monetary and fiscal measures.
SAMUELSON'S THEORY OF TRADE CYCLE
Among various theories of trade cycle propounded by different economists the theories base on the principle of accelerator allied with the multiplier principle have paved the way for more accurate analysis of trade cycle. Economists like R. F. Harrod, A. H. Hansen, J. R. Hicks and P. A. Samuelson have made fairly successful attempts to establish that the interaction of the accelerator with the multiplier is capable, under certain circumstances, of generating continuous cyclical fluctuations.
Paul A. Samuelson studied the multiplier-accelerator interaction in greater detail and derived a model in which a series of equations expresses the way in which the two forces interact to affect income, consumption and investment over a time. According to him, the multiplier and the accelerator combine in a series of endless possibilities depending upon the values of the multiplier and the accelerator. In other words, the initial increase in autonomous investment (Ia) works through the multiplier (K) to cause an increase in income (Y), say dY = K x Ia {where, K=1/(1 - c) and c represents the marginal propensity to consume (MPC)], and this increase in income (dY) brings an increase in consumption (C), say dC = c x dY (where c which works through the accelerator (w) to cause a change in induced investment (In), say dIn = w x dC, which, in turn, further increases income by K x dIn and so the action and the reaction continue. The process is super cumulative because one initial increase (or decrease) will set off a snow-ball effect where income and investment interact to magnify the impact at each successive level. Samuelson used lagged functions for investment and consumption and derived income function which gave various patterns of change in income level, for different combinations of the values of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and the accelerator, for a given change in autonomous investment (government spending).
EXTENUATION OF CYCLICAL FLUCTUATIONS
The present study aims at finding out the condition related to the change in autonomous investment that extenuates the cyclical fluctuations by making plain the ebbs and flows of a trade cycle, explained by Samuelson's model. The change in autonomous investment in accordance to the so derived condition will provide the steady rate of income growth.
The income function derived by Samuelson reads as ?
Yt = Gt + cYt-1 + w (Ct ? Ct-1)
Where, Yt = Aggregate income or output during a period t.
Gt = Autonomous investment incurred by government during the period t, c = Marginal propensity to consume (MPC), w = Capital output ratio or the accelerator and Ct = Aggregate consumption during the period t.
Yt-1 and Ct-1 denote the income and the consumption, respectively, in previous period.
Therefore, Yt+1 = Gt+1 + cYt + w(Ct+1 ? Ct)
But, Ct = cYt-1 and Ct+1 = cYt
Therefore, Yt+1 = Gt+1 + cYt + cwYt ? cwYt-1
Or, Yt+1 ? Yt = Gt+1 + cYt + cwYt ? cwYt-1 ? Yt
Or, Yt+1 ? Yt = Gt+1 + cw(Yt ? Yt-1) ? (1? c)Yt
Or, dYt+1= Gt+1 + cw dYt ? (1? c)Yt
[Where, dYt+1 = Yt ? Yt-1 and dYt = Yt ? Yt-1]
Or, dYt+1 ? dYt = Gt+1 + (cw ? 1) dYt ? (1? c)Yt
dYt+1 and dYt represent the rise in income in (t + 1)th and (t)th period, respectively. If the cyclical fluctuations in the level of income are extenuated, there will be established a steady rate of income growth.
Thus, dYt+1 = dYt
Or, dYt+1 ? dYt = 0
Therefore, Gt+1 + (cw ? 1) dYt ? (1? c)Yt = 0
camiseta selección española eurocopa 2012 />
Or, Gt+1 = (1? c)Yt ? (cw ? 1) dYt
Or, Gt+1 = (1? c)Yt ? (cw ? 1)(Yt ? camisetas futbol 2011 Yt-1)
Or, Gt+1 = (2 ? cw ? c)Yt ? (1 ? cw)Yt-1
Or, Gt+1 = AYt ? BYt-1 ---------------(1)
Where, A = 2 ? cw ? c
And, B = 1 ? cw
Relation (1) represents the condition in which the cyclical fluctuations in the level of income, as explained by Samuelson's model, are extenuated.
The values of c (= 0.6) and w (= 1.5), which are related to the numerical example used by Samuelson to show how the cyclical fluctuations in the level of income are generated, give the values of A and B equal to 0.5 and 0.1, respectively.
Therefore, Gt+1 = 0.5Yt ? 0.1Yt-1 -------------(2)
If the initial rate of annual autonomous investment (G) is Rs 40 which is changed to Rs 50 in (t)th period and if the rate of autonomous investment (G) is planned as per the relation (2) for (t + 1)th and onward periods, the level of income will experience a steady growth as shown in the table given in the end hereof.
CONCLUSION
It is widely accepted that the interaction between multiplier and accelerator causes the generation of trade cycles and that the Samuelson's model is the true explanation of the network. If it is so, the extenuation of cyclical fluctuations on account of trade cycles becomes possible, fully and easily, by regulating the autonomous investment according to the relation (1) explained hereinabove. In this way the myth of bringing out the economy from the depths of depression becomes converted into reality. This will enable the national income to grow without fluctuations on account of a trade cycle caused by the multiplier-accelerator interaction. Therefore, it may well be concluded that if the depression 2008 is the recessive phase of a trade cycle, it can easily be treated in the way suggested above.
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If Cash Is tiendas de futbol barcelona King, Money Is God
Connie H. Deutsch
"Cash is king," said my accountant.
"Cash is king," my banker nodded vigorously.
"Cash is king," agreed my attorney.
"Cash is king," chorused my friends and clients.
So, when did cash gain a status that is higher in rank than king? When did money become God?
When it comes to money, people tend to do strange things. It can be the ultimate test of tienda futbol club barcelona one's integrity or the definitive measure of one's greed. And the interesting thing is that those who are at the low end of the scale seldom see themselves as lacking in character.
Many years ago, as part of the counseling I was doing for a group of people who were friends, I tried an experiment. I told them to play a game of Monopoly and to monitor each other's behavior. Then, they had to write down their findings and we would do some directed therapy during the next session.
There was a nice range of behavior patterns in this group. One man was very ruthless in business, another was codependent; one woman was a people-pleaser and a chameleon, and the other woman was a control freak.
Their notes on each other were very enlightening. The game mimicked real life. Once they got engrossed in the buying and selling of properties, they reverted to type. The ruthless man didn't care how he accomplished it but he went about methodically accumulating the best properties. The codependent man kept making excuses for him and letting him have the prime camiseta barcelona 2012 properties. The people-pleasing woman kept reminding everyone that this was just a game and not to take it so seriously and to please stop arguing, and the control freak wanted to be banker and to monitor everyone's holdings.
If Cash Is tiendas de futbol barcelona King, Money Is God
Connie H. Deutsch
"Cash is king," said my accountant.
"Cash is king," my banker nodded vigorously.
"Cash is king," agreed my attorney.
"Cash is king," chorused my friends and clients.
So, when did cash gain a status that is higher in rank than king? When did money become God?
When it comes to money, people tend to do strange things. It can be the ultimate test of tienda futbol club barcelona one's integrity or the definitive measure of one's greed. And the interesting thing is that those who are at the low end of the scale seldom see themselves as lacking in character.
Many years ago, as part of the counseling I was doing for a group of people who were friends, I tried an experiment. I told them to play a game of Monopoly and to monitor each other's behavior. Then, they had to write down their findings and we would do some directed therapy during the next session.
There was a nice range of behavior patterns in this group. One man was very ruthless in business, another was codependent; one woman was a people-pleaser and a chameleon, and the other woman was a control freak.
Their notes on each other were very enlightening. The game mimicked real life. Once they got engrossed in the buying and selling of properties, they reverted to type. The ruthless man didn't care how he accomplished it but he went about methodically accumulating the best properties. The codependent man kept making excuses for him and letting him have the prime camiseta barcelona 2012 properties. The people-pleasing woman kept reminding everyone that this was just a game and not to take it so seriously and to please stop arguing, and the control freak wanted to be banker and to monitor everyone's holdings.
tienda oficial barça,
tienda oficial barça,
CREATIVE HOUSING ALTERNATIVES
There is always a need for housing, however during hard times, such as is
currently affecting the United States, and other countries, obtaining a roof
overhead is becoming increasingly challenging. The alarming inflation in
house prices not only creates difficulties for equipaciones del barça those seeking to buy, but is
also a budget buster for renters. In this situation, as in so many others,
creative thinking will help those in need of adequate shelter to find viable
solutions. A place to live can be many types of places, and situations.
Stealth, or brown bag housing, is a situation where an existing
non-residential building is repurposed into shelter, without substantially
modifying the exterior. Often the main requirement is a full bathroom, and
at least an ad hoc kitchenette for sheds, garages, or offices to be useful
as homes. In fact, one way to obtain immediate rental income is to add a
full bath to any structure.
In climates with cold winters, insulation and a good heat source, such as a
wood burning stove, is essential. There are small wood tienda oficial barça stoves that that give
off adequate heat for a tiny space, and if they have a flat top, the stove
will have the added benefit of being camiseta barcelona 2011 a place for a tea kettle.
CREATIVE HOUSING ALTERNATIVES
There is always a need for housing, however during hard times, such as is
currently affecting the United States, and other countries, obtaining a roof
overhead is becoming increasingly challenging. The alarming inflation in
house prices not only creates difficulties for equipaciones del barça those seeking to buy, but is
also a budget buster for renters. In this situation, as in so many others,
creative thinking will help those in need of adequate shelter to find viable
solutions. A place to live can be many types of places, and situations.
Stealth, or brown bag housing, is a situation where an existing
non-residential building is repurposed into shelter, without substantially
modifying the exterior. Often the main requirement is a full bathroom, and
at least an ad hoc kitchenette for sheds, garages, or offices to be useful
as homes. In fact, one way to obtain immediate rental income is to add a
full bath to any structure.
In climates with cold winters, insulation and a good heat source, such as a
wood burning stove, is essential. There are small wood tienda oficial barça stoves that that give
off adequate heat for a tiny space, and if they have a flat top, the stove
will have the added benefit of being camiseta barcelona 2011 a place for a tea kettle.
nueva camiseta del barcelona,
nueva camiseta del barcelona,
Could the U.S. and the rest of the world be headed for a dire financial crisis, one that could even dwarf the most recent economic downturn, which is considered to be the worst since the great depression?
Although we mostly avoid mundane predictions such as international policy/economic concerns and earthquakes, and focus instead on private individuals and business consulting, since the late 1990s we've camiseta barcelona 2011 repeatedly noticed distinct, extremely off-putting cyclical timing patterns (negative or positive extremes are easy to spot) in the comprehensive charts of countless individuals and entities that alert us to a specific period of time in the future.
We've camisetas del barcelona baratas been saying for years that we believe the period of 2016-2018 is the start of an overwhelming financial crisis, possibly much worse than the 2000/2001 stock market collapse, and the 2008/2009 credit crisis. 2016 appears to be the peak of the financial markets and economic escalation, with the giant reverse beginning as early as 2016 and as late as 2018, but more likely as late as 2017.
An aside, from our perspective it's much, much easier to assess financial prospects of individuals versus financial markets, corporate entities, entire economies, etc.; during economic calamities some individuals fare worse than others, and the degree is reflected in the patterns of their unique comprehensive charts including the checks and balances of our systems of analysis. The red-flagged time-frame of 2016--2018 has appeared over and over in so many charts that we have to bring it to your attention.
Please note, to be taken seriously, in our view, any professional making mundane predictions must list all public predictions--the ones they got wrong and right, on their website. No one is 100% accurate, but there must be a clear record of their successes and failures. Unfortunately, highlighting the hits exclusively and fabricating the successes is all nueva camiseta del barcelona too common in the professional psychic industry (and financial investment industry).
Our view is that there will be temporary downturns during the next major long-term upswing in the financial markets, which we believe will start as early as late 2010. By late 2011, the U.S. financial markets will have begun a dramatic, long-term escalation, but of course you will see occasional, now-common, heavy volatility along the way.
If you find yourself asking from 2011 through 2015 if a particular financial markets' correction is the culminating collapse that will finally lead to feasible government policies (unlike the current ones) being put into action, it won't be. You'll know when the concluding crash happens and you won't have to ask. It will be that big.
Could the U.S. and the rest of the world be headed for a dire financial crisis, one that could even dwarf the most recent economic downturn, which is considered to be the worst since the great depression?
Although we mostly avoid mundane predictions such as international policy/economic concerns and earthquakes, and focus instead on private individuals and business consulting, since the late 1990s we've camiseta barcelona 2011 repeatedly noticed distinct, extremely off-putting cyclical timing patterns (negative or positive extremes are easy to spot) in the comprehensive charts of countless individuals and entities that alert us to a specific period of time in the future.
We've camisetas del barcelona baratas been saying for years that we believe the period of 2016-2018 is the start of an overwhelming financial crisis, possibly much worse than the 2000/2001 stock market collapse, and the 2008/2009 credit crisis. 2016 appears to be the peak of the financial markets and economic escalation, with the giant reverse beginning as early as 2016 and as late as 2018, but more likely as late as 2017.
An aside, from our perspective it's much, much easier to assess financial prospects of individuals versus financial markets, corporate entities, entire economies, etc.; during economic calamities some individuals fare worse than others, and the degree is reflected in the patterns of their unique comprehensive charts including the checks and balances of our systems of analysis. The red-flagged time-frame of 2016--2018 has appeared over and over in so many charts that we have to bring it to your attention.
Please note, to be taken seriously, in our view, any professional making mundane predictions must list all public predictions--the ones they got wrong and right, on their website. No one is 100% accurate, but there must be a clear record of their successes and failures. Unfortunately, highlighting the hits exclusively and fabricating the successes is all nueva camiseta del barcelona too common in the professional psychic industry (and financial investment industry).
Our view is that there will be temporary downturns during the next major long-term upswing in the financial markets, which we believe will start as early as late 2010. By late 2011, the U.S. financial markets will have begun a dramatic, long-term escalation, but of course you will see occasional, now-common, heavy volatility along the way.
If you find yourself asking from 2011 through 2015 if a particular financial markets' correction is the culminating collapse that will finally lead to feasible government policies (unlike the current ones) being put into action, it won't be. You'll know when the concluding crash happens and you won't have to ask. It will be that big.
camiseta fc barcelona 2012
camiseta fc barcelona 2012,
Corruption In Big Labor Has Run Amok
by Michael D. Hume, M.S.
Imagine being a professional American actor in, say, 1880. Like it is in every time and place, the pro theater game was highly competitive - there were many more actors than there were paying jobs for actors. Some were lucky enough to be well-liked and positioned in a theater company in a big city... others weren't. Some very talented performers were forced either to get other jobs, or, if dedicated to their craft, sign on with traveling troupes who toured out-of-town, often in the Wild West.
Some of the entrepreneurs who ran these troupes were ethical, fair-minded professionals. Many weren't. It was not uncommon for traveling performers to suffer "horror stories" - being left penniless and unemployable in a strange town far from home... suffering horrible medical calamities and being jettisoned from the company... even being abused by their "owners" physically, sexually, and camiseta nueva del barcelona certainly camisetas barcelona 2012 mentally, with no recourse.
Eventually, the profession, like many others, found equity (literally) for actors in the form of a labor union that still exists today - Actor's Equity. But ask a pro actor these days, and they'll tell you that the market for their craft is, in many cities, "locked away" by the union. If you want to work at an "Equity house," you have to find one that has a union opening (rare), then audition and beat-out others who may already be Equity members (very rare). If you get through those filters, you have to work a high number of hours in performing and other behind-the-scenes labor to get your Equity card. Once that happens, you can still lose your job the next time the theater changes its show offering... and the concessions Equity houses must make to the union that sanctions them often make it very difficult for them to provide much employment for very long. For that reason, many talented performers find it easier to avoid the union and move from theater to theater, working paid professional shows in non-Equity houses (once you're an Equity actor, you can't work in a non-Equity show; you lose your Equity job, congratulations, you're now a waiter). And Equity houses - especially those not subsidized by some city's "arts district" tax money - struggle much more to stay in business these days than do non-union companies. In fact: if you're knowledgeable about the theatre business, can you name one that's still going?
It's hard enough to have the guts and talent to maintain a decent career as a stage actor these days.
In 1880, we needed Actor's Equity to make the profession fair, and to protect performers from unscrupulous owners. Do we still need the union today, to protect us from easier employment? No doubt we could see a return of unfair theatrical employers, so having a union is still a good idea. But when the union "outgrows" its usefulness (and Actor's Equity is far from the most egregious example), wouldn't it be a good idea to prune it back a bit?
This is just one example. If you're in a union job, you know what the deal is: you are compelled to join the union and pay dues - you have camiseta fc barcelona 2012 no choice. The dues supposedly go to help you sustain your rights in the workplace... but you know there is not much oversight given to how your dues money is really spent. Union bosses are employed full-time by the union, in many cases (not by the company), and you are, in many cases, paying those bosses a lot more than you make. And there's still plenty of money left for the bosses (not you) to decide to contribute to the campaigns of politicians who will return favors.
Corruption In Big Labor Has Run Amok
by Michael D. Hume, M.S.
Imagine being a professional American actor in, say, 1880. Like it is in every time and place, the pro theater game was highly competitive - there were many more actors than there were paying jobs for actors. Some were lucky enough to be well-liked and positioned in a theater company in a big city... others weren't. Some very talented performers were forced either to get other jobs, or, if dedicated to their craft, sign on with traveling troupes who toured out-of-town, often in the Wild West.
Some of the entrepreneurs who ran these troupes were ethical, fair-minded professionals. Many weren't. It was not uncommon for traveling performers to suffer "horror stories" - being left penniless and unemployable in a strange town far from home... suffering horrible medical calamities and being jettisoned from the company... even being abused by their "owners" physically, sexually, and camiseta nueva del barcelona certainly camisetas barcelona 2012 mentally, with no recourse.
Eventually, the profession, like many others, found equity (literally) for actors in the form of a labor union that still exists today - Actor's Equity. But ask a pro actor these days, and they'll tell you that the market for their craft is, in many cities, "locked away" by the union. If you want to work at an "Equity house," you have to find one that has a union opening (rare), then audition and beat-out others who may already be Equity members (very rare). If you get through those filters, you have to work a high number of hours in performing and other behind-the-scenes labor to get your Equity card. Once that happens, you can still lose your job the next time the theater changes its show offering... and the concessions Equity houses must make to the union that sanctions them often make it very difficult for them to provide much employment for very long. For that reason, many talented performers find it easier to avoid the union and move from theater to theater, working paid professional shows in non-Equity houses (once you're an Equity actor, you can't work in a non-Equity show; you lose your Equity job, congratulations, you're now a waiter). And Equity houses - especially those not subsidized by some city's "arts district" tax money - struggle much more to stay in business these days than do non-union companies. In fact: if you're knowledgeable about the theatre business, can you name one that's still going?
It's hard enough to have the guts and talent to maintain a decent career as a stage actor these days.
In 1880, we needed Actor's Equity to make the profession fair, and to protect performers from unscrupulous owners. Do we still need the union today, to protect us from easier employment? No doubt we could see a return of unfair theatrical employers, so having a union is still a good idea. But when the union "outgrows" its usefulness (and Actor's Equity is far from the most egregious example), wouldn't it be a good idea to prune it back a bit?
This is just one example. If you're in a union job, you know what the deal is: you are compelled to join the union and pay dues - you have camiseta fc barcelona 2012 no choice. The dues supposedly go to help you sustain your rights in the workplace... but you know there is not much oversight given to how your dues money is really spent. Union bosses are employed full-time by the union, in many cases (not by the company), and you are, in many cases, paying those bosses a lot more than you make. And there's still plenty of money left for the bosses (not you) to decide to contribute to the campaigns of politicians who will return favors.
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